იკითხეთ, იკითხეთ, იკითხეთ რამე! 15

ueWvelia rom etruskuli inteleqtualuri cxovrebis centri tarkviniesi yovelTvis amzadebda inteleqtualur Zalebs romelTac gansazRvres italiis da dasavluri samyaros ganviTareba

etruskul religiaze:

Eetruskebi magiis tyveebi:

 Etruriis mitovebuli nekropolebi, wiTeli miwis borcvTa qveyanaSi gafantuli es uricxvi micvalebulTa qalaqebi. micvalebulTa ukanaskneli gansasvenebeli gamqrali qalaqebi. darCa mxolod samarxebi, damarxuli warsulis utyvi mowmeebi. isini aTasobiTaa. isini faraven did sivrceebs, martosul zeganTa simaRleebs. Mmagram nekropolebic ubadruki naSTia, is rac gadaurCa adamianis da bunebis yvelafris damangrevel da damasaxiCrebel Zalas. gadaSlilni did sivrceebze, daserilni saceremonio gzebiT, mwkrivdebian da Canan cocxalTa dasaxlebebidan. Eetruskuli nekropolebi gars evlebodnen etruriis simagreebs. isini izrdebodnen TaobaTa manZilze.

   Ddidi xnis manZilze aravis Seuwuxebia es evropaSi unikaluri da Tavis TavSi Caketili samyaro. is yvelasTvis wminda teritoria iyo da aRiarebuli iyo misi xeluxlebloba. Mmxolod etruskTa gaqrobisa da maTi istoriis warsulis kuTvnilebad qcevis Semdeg daiwyo maTi wabilwva. iq damarxuli uzarmazari simdidre, oqro-vercxli, izidavda ganZis oficialur Tu araoficialur maZieblebs da sasaflaoTa mZarcvelebs.

imperiuli epoqidan romaelebma gatacebiT daiwyes etruskTa samkaulebis Segroveba da es saqme usvindisod gaagrZela STamomavlobam. Zarcvas rogorc Cans TviTon xelmZRvanelobda da koordinacias uwevda germanel dampyrobel ostrogoTTa mefe Teodorix didi.

 «წes Cveulebebis Seesabamisad adamianebs unda mieceT miwis qveS damarxuli ganZi da micvalebulebs ar unda darCeT is rac cocxlebs SeiZleba gamoadgeT. Ddamarxuls ar SeuZlia sargeblobis motana. Aamitom vbrZaneb rom Sen Seudge oqro-vercxlis Ziebas maT dauyovnebliv gamosamzeureblad da yovelive es Cemi brZanebis Tanaxmad unda ecnobos xalxs. Sen pativi unda miago imas rac micvalebulebs emsaxureba : ferfls, rasac inaxavs mavzoleumebi, marmarilos kolonebs, rac amkobs saflavebs. Miuxedavad amisa iq daculi ganZi ekuTvnis cocxalTa mTavrobas. saflavebidan amoRebuli unda iqnas upatronod darCenili ganZi. » aseTia ostrogoTTa mefe Teodorix didis mier dawerili dokumenti. is dRemdea SenarCunebuli ( gv.75-76).

     carielebi, sanaxevrod dangreulebi, gaZarculebi, aseTia etruskTa saflavebis dRevandeli mdgomareoba. Cvenamde moaRwia maTSi damarxulis mxolod umniSvnelo nawilma. Ddamtvreuli an cudad SekeTebuli nadavli mTel msoflioSia gafantuli. is avsebs muzeumebs an kerZo koleqciebs. Eexla ukve iSviaTia arqeologTa mier xeluxlebeli samarxis aRmoCena magram am vrcel samgloviaro velebze kvlav qris ucnauri da amaRelvebeli samyaros suli. dasakrZali oTaxebi isev inaxaven Soreuli samyaros saidumlos. Aswored aq Cans yvelaze mZafrad etruski xalxis ucnauri da idumali xasiaTi. Aaq varT yvelaze axlos am xalxis azrebTan, mis gancdebTan, mis sulTan. Cvens winaSea ukanaskneli mowme im idumali samyarosi romelic idumali ZafebiT kravda etrusk xalxs, ajadoebda mas.

  «es xalxi yvelaze metad iyo midrekili religiuri praqtikisken, mas am sferoSi hqonda sagangebo codna», wers titus liviusi etruskebze. Zveli avtorebi etruskebs aRweren rogorc Rrmad religiur xalxs. etruskTa danatovari, arqeologTa aRmoCenebi adastureben am mowmobebs. Cven gvaqvs uamravi arqeologiuri monacemi romelTa Tanaxmadac etruskTa yoveldRiur cxovrebas ritms aZlevda maTi rwmena. Aamaze mowmoben brinjaos sarkeebze gamosaxuli scenebi, Tixisa da qvis barelefiebi, samarxebi, samkaulebi. maTze vxedavT RmerTebisa da naxevarRmerTebis, demonebisa da keTili sulebis, angelozTa msgavsi frTosani arsebebis, zRapruli an egzotikuri cxovelebis gamosaxulebebs. Yyvela es arseba warmodgenilia saxlSic da bunebaSic, zeimisas da Sromisas, saaqaoSic da saiqioSic. Ees samyaro irekleboda micvalebulTa pativsacem cekvaSic. Mmocekvave kidurebi mocekvaveTa gareSe, sicarieleSi mfreni frinvelebi, lomebi, aseTia naxevrad darRveuli freskebi tarkviniesis akldamebSi d h. lourensis aRweris Tanaxmad.

        odesRac yvelaferi naTeli da mocekvave iyo : es iyo saaqaos netareba. Mmicvalebuls pativs miagebdnen RviniT, fleitis xma iwvevda sacekvaod da sxeuli tokavda... rogorc wers antikuri xanis erTi warmarTi avtori «  sxeulis arc erTi nawili ar unda darCes aRuvsebeli religiiT : suls ar unda moakldes simRera, gulsa da muxlebs ar unda moakldes navardi da xtoma vinaidan isini yvela RmerTs icnoben». Ees gacxadebulia etruskul cekvebSi. Eetruskebi RmerTebs frCxilis wverebamde icnobdnen. Ees saucxoo mocekvave fragmentebi, dasaxiCrebuli sicarieliT garSemortymuli kidurebi da sxeuli, isini yovelTvis icnoben RmerTebs da amas naTlad gvimJRavneben.

 Eetruski xalxi evropul niadagze gamoCnda rogorc jer kidev arqaizmSi Rrmad CaZiruli samyaros warmomadgeneli. Mmravali niWiT dajildoebuli etruski xalxi romelsac acocxlebs gaugonari sicocxlisunarianoba, pionerTa xalxi Tavis qmedebebSi da CanafiqrTa aRsrulebaSi romelmac moaxerxa mTeli qveynisa da misi xalxis gamogleja winaistoriisagan amave dros Seborkili iyo magiuri warmodgenebiT, Zveli sarwmunoebiT, arsebobis yvela sferos gammsWvalavi religiiT romlis wyaroebic moRrublul warsulSia dakarguli... etruskebi mudam misi patimrebi darCnen. Ees maTTvis fataluri aRmoCnda,

    Etruriam, aRniSnavs profesori palotino, imTaviTve gansazRvra italiuri religiis xasiaTi, romauli religiis sawyisi. Ees ueWvelia, magram es yvelaferi araa etruskuli istoriuli memkvidreobidan romma naklebi yoymaniT swored religiuri elementi miiRo da yovelTvis uWerda mas mxars berZnuli kulturis agresiuli gavlenis winaaRmdeg ( gv.77).

 sibil fon kles-redeni avsebs am mosazrebas :

aqamde Zalian cudad iyo Seswavlili etruskuli religiis mniSvneloba romauli saxelmwifos inteleqtualuri formaciisaTvis da romaelTa warmodgenebisTvis samyaros Sesaxeb.

    ueWvelia rom etruskuli inteleqtualuri cxovrebis centri tarkviniesi yovelTvis amzadebda inteleqtualur Zalebs romelTac gansazRvres italiis da dasavluri samyaros ganviTareba ( gv. 78).

  Sul cotaa wyaro saidanac SegviZlia codnis miReba. romaul epoqaSi icnobdnen etruskTa laTinuri Targmanebs. rodesac Zv.w. 63 wels elva daeca etruski Camomsxmelis mier Seqmnil “ lupas romlis naxva exlac SeiZleba kapitoliumze ciceronma dawera : “ imaT vinc amis gamo mimarTes eqspertTa naSromebs da dokumentebs ratom ar miaqcies etruskTa am nawerebis bnel winaswarmetyvelebas?”

imperatori klavdiusi, TviTon avtori etruskTa octomiani istoriisa, piradad Caeria raTa ar dakarguliyo “ italiis uZvelesi doqtrina”. Zv.w. 47 w. warmoTqmul sityvaSi, romlis fragmentebic Cven xelTa gvaqvs, is ixsenebs im dros rodesac

“ etruriis didebulni sakuTari nebiTa Tu senatis davalebiT sakuTar ojaxebSi icavdnen am wminda mecnierebas da aviTarebdnen mas” ( gv.78-79).

   Gaqra yvelaferi rac jer kidev imperiul xanaSi arsebobda. Cvenamde ar mouRwevia arc erT etruskul dokuments an mis laTinur Targmans. SemTxveviTi iyo es Tu Tu saxifaTod CaTvlili warmarTuli xanis memkvidreobis Segnebuli da sistematuri mospoba? Aar unda daviviwyoT rom qristianobis aRmavlobas Tan axlda Seubralebeli brZola Zvel religiebTan da kulturebTan romelTac isev misdevdnen xalxebi da rom gacilebiT ufro adre imperator konstantines mier qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebamde arnobiusis mier 295 wlisaTvis gamoqveynebul “ qristianobis apologiaSi” Etruria iyo moxsenebuli rogorc “yovelgvari ceurwmenis mSobeli” (gv. 79). amdenad Cveni codna etruskuli religiisa hgavs damsxvreul mozaikas ( Tavis gagrZeleba da dasasruli iqneba).